PHAs are present in microorganisms as hydrophobic and water insoluble inclusion bodies which need to be separated from cell material.
Corresponding proteases are present in microorganisms and even in higher eukaryotes [ 33].
Previously, the Sec form of the MsrA protein was only thought to be present in unicellular microorganisms [ 7]; however, the current study demonstrates that the Sec form of MsrA also exists in many multicellular invertebrate animals as well.
Finally, a cellular function is considered to be present in the microorganism if the essential enzymes for the cellular function are encoded in its genome.
Although Te has been known to be present in plants and microorganisms as bacteria, and fungi, there is no evidence that Te has biological functions [ 8].
Multiple DNMTs are known to be present in humans, animals, and microorganisms, and they have varying degrees of specificity toward unmethylated and hemimethylated DNA substrates (Bestor 2000).
As previously mentioned, opportunistic microorganisms may be present in small amounts in healthy organisms, without causing any clinical disturbance or infectious symptoms.
However, this approach might have some disadvantages with regard to the desired rapidity and sensitivity [ 12], and the risk of false negative result is high because only a small number of microorganisms may be present in the specimens [ 13, 14].
Active antimicrobial packaging can be defined as a packaging system that interacts with the food product or the surrounding headspace either to kill the microorganisms that might be present in the food product or food package, or to reduce, inhibit or retard their growth.
"Generally speaking, acidified foods that are not prepared using a thermal process (heat step) must use an alternative method of controlling microorganisms that may be present in the food product," Anita Gore, spokeswoman for the California Department of Public Health told the Los Angeles Times in an email.
