Further global analyses of gene expression changes associated with different types of ARF will be necessary to define genes which are potential hallmarks of specific mechanisms of UN-renal injury and which are more general markers of renal damage.
This study, along with the localisation changes observed with p56CHNesp1, highlight that nesprin-1 CHD isoforms may be disrupted in cancers and could be classified as potential hallmarks of cellular transformation.
The most striking trend we see is the presence of four calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 isoforms in hMSC but none in hOST, consistent with our previous suggestion that calmodulin-based signaling is a potential hallmark of undifferentiated hMSC [ 32].
Therefore, cardiac safety pharmacology aims at the development of strategies to detect drug-induced unanticipated prolongation of the QT interval during early phases of drug development, but also other parameters were suggested to serve as potential hallmarks of TdP such as triangulation of the ECG shape, beat-to-beat variations or reverse use dependence.
Accumulated oxidative exposure has also been proposed as one of the potential hallmarks of the physiological/pathophysiological aging process.
Studies in colorectal carcinoma have found high c-Myb expression to correlate with poor prognosis [10], and more recently the fusion of c-Myb and the transcription factor NFIB has been reported as a potential "hallmark" of adenoid cystic carcinomas [11].
It was reported that its expression is regulated by DNA methylation, a potential hallmark of a gene likely to be involved in tumor initiation and progression [ 11].
This deviant energetic metabolism, known as the "Warburg effect," is therefore at the root of tumor formation and growth and has been even discussed as a potential hallmark of cancer [2].
This finding suggests that PEDF expression in breast cancer might be an important marker of endocrine responsiveness and that loss of PEDF might be a potential hallmark for the development of endocrine resistance.
Evasion from apoptosis and a limitless replicative potential are two hallmarks of cancer (Hanahan and Weinberg, 2000).
