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Covariates hypothesized to be potential confounders of the relationship between CMV serostatus and mortality included age, gender, race/ethnicity, country of origin, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), smoking status, diabetes status and education level, because these factors have been shown to predict both risk for infection and mortality [1], [58] [62].
Variables that might be potential confounders of the relationship between multiple pesticide exposure and the risk of HL were investigated.
Moreover, we assessed the majority of variables known to be potential confounders of the association between depression and CVD.
The following factors, measured in the perinatal period, were considered to be potential confounders of the association between gestational age and each outcome.
Data analyses adjusted for five socioeconomic and demographic variables that were hypothesized to be potential confounders of the relationships between HIV status, PHFI, and maternal stress.
Additional clinical or biological measurements of interest that might be potential confounders of the results should also be identified at this time, although other factors may be recognized during the evaluation or data collection phase of the meta-analysis.
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Drugs are potential confounders of immune-circadian connectivity in critically ill patients.
Based on a review of the literature (Lee and Chung 2007; Dossett 2008), all of these are potential confounders of the association between the independent variables and perinatal depressive symptomatology.
Several factors related to blood and bone lead levels, including age, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption are potential confounders of the lead SCr relationship.
Thus, having had adjuvant chemotherapy and age will be included in the analyses of variance, because they are potential confounders of the relationship between the perception of treatment choice and the dependent variables.
Exposure to broad classes of pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, fumigants, fungicides, and algaecides) was included as these were potential confounders of the putative association between a positive family history of cancer and each of the tumours of interest.
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