Alternatively, this residue might be phosphorylated independent of cofactor binding, with this phosphorylation needed for subsequent phosphorylation induced by cofactor interaction.
The first is a binding site for the ligand L, the second is a binding site for the effector E. This binding site has to be phosphorylated before E can bind.
The two tyrosines Tyr568 and Tyr570, first residues to be phosphorylated during activation, are consensus sites for binding of Src family kinases and could be implicated in activation of different signalling pathways (Roskoski, 2005).
MeCP2S80A could not be phosphorylated and lacked the chromatin binding ability (Tao et al., 2009).
Another typical case is that binding partners are phosphorylated on binding sites and bind other effectors.
Serine 98, which is in a region critical for PAR structural changes during DNA-binding [16], appeared to be phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo.
CEP164 recruits TTBK2, where TTBK2's proline-rich motif serves as the binding site for the WW domain of CEP164, and can then be phosphorylated by TTBK2 [ 81– 81].
To efficiently clear Salmonella, OPTN is phosphorylated by TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), an IKK-related kinase responsible for autophagosome maturation (Wild et al., 2011).
In addition to mutations of the serine residues that are phosphorylated and critical for β-TrCP binding, some alanine mutations in the first α-helix of Vpu (i.e., RAE49-51AAA) inhibitionnhibitiof of NF-κB activation.
Once the IKBs have been phosphorylated, they are targeted for ubiquitin binding and subsequent degradation by the 26-S proteosome.
