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Self-assembly is a spontaneous process by which organized structures with particular functions and properties could be obtained without additional complicated processing or modification steps.
Based on their permanent charge, these chiral ionic liquids could be applied as organocatalysts in asymmetric aldol reaction of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and acetone, and good yields and selectivities up to 80%ee could be obtained without additional acid.
Results can be obtained without additional post-PCR processing in less than 2 h.
Different linear combinations, corresponding to different selections of coherence-transfer pathways, can thus be obtained without additional acquisitions.
When acquiring HCD spectra, standard CID spectra can be obtained without additional analysis time because it is performed in parallel to HCD fragmentation and spectra acquisition.
Second, appropriate planning of the electronic questionnaire and direct transfer of data into a database saved much time and allowed a large sample size to be obtained without additional resources.
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Further on, it was politically criticised that environmental integrity (in terms of system integrity of the accounting approach) was not guaranteed "since most of the credits are obtained without additional efforts, and the voluntary choice of some activities may lead to unbalanced accounting (only activities yielding credits are included)" [21].
Moreover, integrity is not guaranteed when credits are obtained without additional efforts, i.e. when a "comfortable" baseline is selected for the establishment of a reference level, or when the reference level considers increased harvesting levels (e.g. in favour of bioenergy) [35].
In group 4 (ischaemic buttons), local ischaemic fields were obtained without additional peritoneal traumatisation according to Reed et al. [ 5, 6].
Even if MDCT is not yet considered as a first-line imaging technique for the evaluation of LV performance and volumes, it is important to mention that in patients undergoing an MDCT examination for coronary artery evaluation, reliable information about cardiac morphology and function can be obtained without any additional radiation exposure [34, 35, 36, 37].
Together with the aid of some useful inequality formula adopted in the proof, improved approximate controllability results of the systems under study can be obtained without imposing any additional restraints on the system.
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