Sentence examples for be obtained using fossils from inspiring English sources

Data bearing on this issue can be obtained using fossils and phylogenetic inference (e.g., Arnold 1994).

Similar divergence times were obtained using a fossil calibration time of 310 My for the bird-mammal divergence [ 28].

Age estimates were obtained using the lognormal distribution, with the following fossils as calibration age constraints.

Sequence alignments were obtained using ESPript [40].

First, we used a Loxosceles-specific molecular rate obtained using fossil and island ages as calibration points [ 34].

Hydrogen may be obtained from fossil sources (such as methane), but these sources are unsustainable.

This hypothesis can be tested because an estimate of the mutation rate can be obtained independently of the fossil record using the formula θ = 4 N eμ where θ is the average genetic diversity, N e is the effective population size, and μ the mutation rate [ 68, 69].

Evidence in favour of a pre-Palaeogene history of crown placentals, implied by P. donnae, is confirmed here by the time estimates obtained using the molecular data and fossil calibrations (figure 1).

The majority of energy being used is obtained from fossil fuels, which are not renewable resources and require a longer time to recharge or return to its original capacity.

Moreover, reliable fossil records can be obtained to calibrate molecular clock for dating the time of the phylogenetic trees [ 56].

Scientific understanding of Iguanodon has evolved over time as new information has been obtained from fossils.