On average, 50% of cases dealt with at district hospitals by clinical officers and trained general practitioners are obstructive labour, compared with less than 40% for obstetricians.
The most typical clinical finding is obstructive jaundice confused with cholangiocarcinoma [1].
One of the most common sleep disorders is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, with an estimated prevalence of 2 4% among middle-aged adults [5, 6].
Since our study was conducted, two other recent studies presented in abstract form have suggested that BE is associated with obstructive sleep apnea [ 33] or obstructive sleep apnea characteristics [ 34].
He adds: "They offered little or no support and were consistently obstructive with their licensing policy, and rather than channelling the extra resources and solidifying the area's reputation, they failed to sustain and protect it.
After several rounds of chemotherapy (b) the endoluminal metastatic renal cell carcinoma is now seen (arrowhead) and is no longer obstructive with interval re-expansion of the left lung.
Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare, histologically benign lesions that can be associated with obstructive hydrocephalus.
Later the same technology was used for the treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus, although the background of this disease can not be compared with obstructive hydrocephalus.
These findings raise questions of whether BE could be associated with obstructive sleep apnea through a higher incidence of nocturnal GERD or whether nocturnal GERD itself increases the risk of obstructive sleep apnea.
The major causes are congenital obstructive uropathy with urine leakage into the peritoneal cavity and bladder perforation as a complication of umbilical artery catheterization [ 5].
