The morphology, proliferation and penetration of cells seeded on each electrospun fibrous membrane were observed using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM).
The photobleaching dynamics, total numbers of emitted photons (TNEP) and statistical measurements of individual nanoparticles were observed using laser scanning fluorescence microscopy to assess the structure and photostability of PDDF@SiO2 nanoparticles.
The cells were observed using laser scanning microscopy (Olympus BX61W1 with Fluoview FV1000 software, Japan) with an excitation at 815 nm using a Maitai two-photon laser (Spectra Physics, Bozeman, MT, USA), and emission signals were detected in the green color channel.
To visualize the uptake of the decoy ODN in vivo, Texas-Red labelled ODN was administered intra-articularly and its distribution was observed using laser scanning microscopy in native histological sections 1, 3 and 6 h after injection.
Intracellular calcium levels were observed using laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy and showed multiple peaks of intracellular calcium expression over time.
In patients, these epithelial gaps can be observed using confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) with administration of fluorescein.
Coverslips were then washed, and cells were observed using a laser confocal microscope (Leica TCS SP8, Germany).
The subcellular distribution of the OsSND2-GFP protein was observed using confocal laser scanning microscope (Leica TCS SP5).
Note that a similar trend (not shown here) has been observed using 4 4%% laser cavities for both fibers.
After washing with PBS, the labeled cells were observed using a laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCM 510 Meta Duo Scan, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
