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The relative stability of these modes can be modulated in vitro by changing the salt concentration.
Preliminary results indicate that hnRNP K can be modulated in vitro by a non-steroidal anti-androgen.
Our results, showing that synchronous network activity can be modulated in vitro by exogenously applied blockers of the NO signaling pathway, suggest that this signaling is active in a large number of synapses during these SEs.
The lowest AHH activities were observed in basal and in low Ca2+ (8 × 10−5 M) cultured keratinocytes, and the highest activities in differentiated cell and in keratinocytes cultured in the presence of high Ca2+ (2 × 10−3 M), suggesting that constitutive AHH expression is an event of the differentiation program that can be modulated in vitro by Ca2+ (Guo et al. 1990).
Matrix stiffness, for example, can easily be modulated in vitro by overlaying a thin layer of matrix on either tunable polyacrylamide (Wong et al., 2003; Paszek et al., 2005; Levental et al., 2009) or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (Cortese et al., 2009) substrates of a specific pre-defined stiffness.
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We have described in a previous study [15] that perforin expression is modulated in vitro and in vivo by antigenic exposure.
Further interplay between the cellular redox state and the circadian clock was suggested by the observation that the affinity of BMAL1 in a complex with CLOCK (or a related protein, NPAS2) for DNA was modulated in vitro by the ratio of NAD+ to NADH or NADP+ to NADPH.
Interestingly, in spite of the different models used, some of the genes found to be modulated in this study have been previously reported to be modulated by probiotic Lactobacillus strains both in vitro using epithelial cells [ 22] and in vivo in the human small bowel mucosa [ 17, 19].
Given the numerous specific and unspecific interactions that disordered proteins experience in intra- and extra-cellular environments, aggregation processes are modulated in ways that in vitro experiments cannot fully recapitulate.
miRNA expression was modulated in cultured cells in vitro using synthetic miRNA or LNA-modified anti-miR oligonucleotides (see Additional file 1: Table S1 for all oligonucleotide sequences).
Preliminary results indicate that hnRNP K is negatively modulated in vitro by the exposure to a non-steroidal anti-androgen and therefore that it probably occurs as a result of androgen stimulation.
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be regulated in vitro
be modulated in response
be inhibited in vitro
be fertilized in vitro
be evaluated in vitro
be evolved in vitro
be germinated in vitro
be cultivated in vitro
be modelled in vitro
be regenerated in vitro
be modulated in inflammatory
be obtained in vitro
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be neutralized in vitro
be triggered in vitro
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