This effect is modulated by host inflammatory response to the organism, by various virulence and other properties of the Helicobacter itself, and by host-organism interactions [ 52].
In fact, horizontal gene transfer has been observed within the C. elegans gut and is modulated by host aging and genotype (Portal-Celhay et al, 2013).
Based on our observations and those of others, 20– 25 we hypothesize that the development of naevi is modulated by host genetic variants and that dermoscopically defined subsets of acquired naevi are biologically distinct.
In conclusion, we have unveiled a mechanism through which donor MAB engraftment can be modulated by acting on host endothelium.
The associated increase in the mucus-producing potential of the respiratory epithelium represents an innate host response that can be modulated by elements of the adaptive host response.
The particle size of the assemblies could be modulated by the composition of the host PEG-b-PCD copolymer.
It is likely that lesion-derived amastigotes and amastigotes isolated from in vitro-infected macrophages display some differences in the expression of genes, especially those that can be modulated by the immune status of the host and/or gene products that contribute together with host factors to the establishment of the disease.
Several host miRNAs can be modulated by oncogenic HPVs (Greco et al., 2011; Martinez et al., 2008; Shi et al., 2012; Zheng and Wang, 2011).
Some genes, such as insulin-induced gene 1 protein (INSIG-1), cytosolic thyroid hormone binding protein and thyroid hormone receptor interactor 10, possibly associated with the exploitation of host hormones, could be modulated by S. japonicum miR-31 and miR-2d.
In either event, host pulmonary inflammatory responses may be modulated by HIV and potentially by genetically determined immunologic responses.
