Most biological properties of HS are mediated by interactions with "heparin-binding proteins" and can be modulated by exogenous heparin species (unmodified heparin, low molecular weight heparins, shorter heparin oligosaccharides and various non-anticoagulant derivatives of different sizes).
Our results contribute to our previous work showing that local STS activity can be modulated by exogenous steroids and black cohosh [15, 18, 19, 34] – also in brain (this study).
Insulin release during normoglycemia can be modulated by exogenous insulin infusion and directly depends on whole-body insulin sensitivity.
In these cells, both IL-6 production and proliferation could be modulated by exogenous stimulants, such as IL-6 itself, IL-1, IL-4, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharide.
As suggested for ABA mediated plant defense responses, it is possible that the BnWRKYs, which were observed to be modulated by exogenous BAP application, may be responsible, at least in part, for mediating the observed effects with the necrotrophic pathogens.
The results presented here support the premise that a subpopulation of LRECs (potentially epithelial stem cells) in the murine mammary gland is ER-α and/or PR, and that expression of these receptors by LRECs may be modulated by exogenous stimuli.
The correlation was modulated by exogenous hormone use.
In addition, their expression is modulated by exogenous treatment with the hormones ABA and SA as well as salt, cold and heat stresses, which suggests that OsHATs may play important roles in plant defense responses.
However, PIN activity can be modulated by endogenous or exogenous signals, such as other hormones, stress or tissue-specific factors, to trigger developmental decisions that could initiate regeneration by triggering cell fates or other local changes [ 37, 87, 98- 101].
The pathogenic aggregation of α-syn can be modulated by endogenous and exogenous factor, such as metals and pesticides, genetic mutations in SNCA, post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions [ 186].
T concentrations can be modulated by social experiences as well as by exogenous drugs in both males [ 58, 59] and females [ 60].
