[123I]IBZM binding can be modulated by endogenous dopamine and by receptor density, affinity, and internalization [53], [74], [75].
This deduction, thus, further suggested that to initiate or facilitate switch-like behavior, the flow of visual input, from the eyes to the fly brain, might be modulated by endogenous processing; in other words, intrinsically.
These reactions may be modulated by endogenous reducing agents such as glutathione, ascorbate, and tocopherol.
Moreover, the biological activities will be modulated by endogenous activation of metalloproteinases and γ-secretase activities.
However, PIN activity can be modulated by endogenous or exogenous signals, such as other hormones, stress or tissue-specific factors, to trigger developmental decisions that could initiate regeneration by triggering cell fates or other local changes [ 37, 87, 98- 101].
In addition, studies on spatial attention have demonstrated that the power of alpha oscillations can be modulated by endogenous shifts of attention in the absence of any physical stimulation.
Here, we review recent evidence supporting that the Cav3 subunits of T-channels are modulated by endogenous ligands such as anandamide, zinc, redox and oxidizing agents, as well as G-protein and protein kinases pathways.
Studies have shown that P100 and N140 are enhanced when attention is directed to the somatosensory stimuli, and are modulated by endogenous spatial attention as well [22], [33] [40].
Additionally, activity and localization of calcineurin is modulated by endogenous proteins, such as RCANs, Cabin1 or AKAP79.
For many drug targets, such as GPCRs, nuclear receptors and ligand-gated ion channels, their functions are modulated by endogenous ligands.
The responsiveness of ASH to these stimuli is modulated by endogenous and/or environmental cue(s) that include the presence or absence of food and of serotonin, octopamine and dopamine.
