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It is likely that DNA damage induced activation of AMPK and subsequent mitochondrial biogenesis may be mediated through both the AMP/ATP ratio change and ATM activity (a proposed AMPK upstream kinase).
Alternatively, increased mortality risk could be mediated through both metabolic and nonmetabolic consequences.
This effect on cell proliferation could be mediated through both cellular and tissue-level effects of ERBB4 signaling.
The biologic mechanisms explaining this association are not fully understood but appear to be mediated through both hemodynamic and hormonal effects.
The effects of family history are thought to be mediated through both shared biologic vulnerability and family environmental conditions [ 8, 18- 20].
These results suggest that the effect of risk variants in the Chr9p21 region on susceptibility to CAD is likely to be mediated through both cis and trans mechanisms.
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Interestingly, as shown in Figure 1B, TGFβ significantly induced cell death, indicating that it acts as a pro-apoptotic factor in human melanoma and that its tumor suppressive effects are mediated through both cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and caspase-mediated cell death.
In addition, phosphorylation is mediated through both indirect and direct interaction between these kinases and substrates, which makes it difficult to effectively prepare large quantities of recombinant phosphorylated proteins.
These data indicate that hypoxic activation of Akt is mediated through both Src and K-ras.
Our previous study demonstrated that Cl− secretion across the epithelia is mediated through both Ca2+- and cAMP-dependent pathways in 16HBE14o- cells [17].
This suggests that the association between birth weight and grip strength is mediated through both adult height and fat free mass in women, whereas in men the association is largely mediated through fat free mass.
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