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More than three decades ago, the spine-dendrite communication associated with the particle transfer was already anticipated [7] to be mediated not only by pure diffusion but it was hypothesized to involve other mechanisms such as twitching.
However, because TSA functions throughout the genome, its effects could be mediated not only by local changes in chromatin structure but also by promoting expression of trans-acting factors which in turn stimulated gene conversion.
Anti-inflammatory properties of ATP could be mediated not only via P2X7 receptor but also via other purinergic receptors.
The inside-out signaling function of Syk is thus likely to be mediated not only by its kinase activity, but also by the binding of Syk to the ITAM sequences of the BCR.
This can be mediated not only by p27KIP1 (Hung et al, 2000) but also by p18-INK4C (CIP22C) and CIP2 (CDKN3) overexpression (the latter ones showed more than a 4.5-fold overexpression under NS398 treatment in our study).
Previous studies have shown that the genotoxic stress-induced degradation of MDMX can be mediated not only by the wortmannin-sensitive kinase ATM but alternatively also by other wortmannin-sensitive kinases.
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Inflammatory mediators and cytokines were mediated not only by NF-κB but also by another transcription factor, AP-1, which is activated by JNK [ 6, 7].
The neuroprotective effects were mediated not only by GDNF, but also by the antioxidant GSH since its depletion reduced the level of GDNF protection.
This suggests that the binding of the glycoside-bearing HPMA copolymer DOX conjugates to the cells was mediated not only by galectin-3.
Together, these results suggest that invasion resistance is mediated not only by competitive exclusion of the pathogen due to similar niche breadth but is also affected by competitive interactions within the resident microbial community.
Ghrelin and its receptor are widely distributed in cardiovascular tissues, and there is no doubt that the effects of ghrelin in the cardiovascular system are mediated not only via its growth-hormone-releasing effect but also by direct effects on the heart.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com