The experimental results revealed that the HR and H2O2 play crucial roles in disease resistance; these defence responses might be mediated by multiple R genes, Ca2+ signalling and MAPK signalling; at the same time, sugar metabolism and secondary metabolites are also involved in tea plant defence to anthracnose.
Additionally, width measurements of the rod suggest that sister chromatid cohesion might be mediated by multiple cohesin molecules that interact with each other along their coiled-coil arms.
The toxicity of MAA has been shown to be mediated by multiple signaling pathways including oxidative stress, apoptosis, upregulation of heat shock proteins and deregulation of kinases, inhibition of histone deacetylase and disruption of estrogen receptor-mediated signaling [7] [18].
In many human tumors, including epithelial ovarian cancer [23], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], PIK3CA activation is a critical oncogenic event and can be mediated by multiple genetic/genomic alterations such as gene copy number amplification [23], gain of functional mutations [24], and transcriptional up-regulation [33], [34], [35].
In summary, anti-tumor effects of cinnamon extract appear to be mediated by multiple mechanisms.
ER �� ubiquitination can be mediated by multiple E3 ubiquitin ligases in response to changing cellular conditions.
The effects of c-Abl are mediated by multiple protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions and its tyrosine kinase domain.
The pathways regulating the transition of mammalian cells from quiescence to proliferation are mediated by multiple miRNAs.
Diurnal control is mediated by multiple endogenous and exogenous mechanisms, even at the level of individual genes.
Tissue morphogenesis is mediated by multiple extracellular matrix components and by multiple active sites on some of these components.
Cell communication within tissues is mediated by multiple paracrine signals including growth factors, which control cell survival and proliferation.
