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Preclinical studies have demonstrated a rapid positive inotropic effect of CCM, which seems to be mediated by modulation of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ fluxes and alterations in the phosphorylation of cardiac phospholamban.
These results, together with the prior demonstration of augmentation of microtubule-related genes by E2F3, suggest that enhanced taxane sensitivity in tumors with high YY1/E2F activity may be mediated by modulation of putative target genes with microtubule function.
Interestingly, retrospective epidemiological studies [36] have shown that long-term use of NSAIDs exert a protective effect against developing AD (although short-term prospective use of NSAID was not protective) and this effect is proposed to be mediated by modulation of Aβ levels [42].
Fast changes in eNOS enzyme activity as seen in Fig. 1 could be mediated by modulation of eNOS phosphorylation.
AICAR decreased cytokine release, endothelial activation and vascular leak, suggesting that organ protection may be mediated by modulation of the inflammatory response and protection of the microvasculature.
We conclude that AGD in adult rats exhibits a degree of plasticity, which may be mediated by modulation of local androgen/estrogen action.
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In addition, long-term effects are mediated by modulation of i.e. NMDA and nicotinic receptor activity inducing neuroplastic effects[5].
Recent studies have revealed that this hypersensitivity is mediated by modulation of the trigeminovascular pathway by the brainstem, hypothalamus and cortex [27, 28].
The major effects of thyroid hormones are mediated by modulation of gene transcription.
The results were mediated by modulation of gliosis and neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection provided by neurotrophic factors of endogenous and transplanted cells-origin.
To examine if the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by EA is mediated by modulation of thiols, or by increased oxidative stress as a result of GST inhibition, cells that had been co-transfected with the TOPflash reporter and the Dvl expression plasmids were treated with EA and various antioxidants (NAC, BHA and PDTC).
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be caused by modulation
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