The relative importance of master regulator genes -that may be measured, for instance through their associated centrality degree- is not evident from the network structure.
The FSS is related to the exchange interaction between electrons and holes in the strong QD confinement [5 7] and can be measured for instance by using micro photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy [8, 9].
Biomarkers can be measured, for instance, in saliva, sweat, breath, blood/serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
The response rates of the NTU and CSEW are very high, but we do not know exactly how this is measured, for instance, we do not know if framing errors such as 'wrong address' are excluded as being non-response.
Widevine, the streaming video DRM solution that Google acquired in late 2010 is measured for instance in how many devices it's reached (and Lawee noted that number has doubled in a year, firmly ensconcing it that top tier of wins for them).
Furthermore, the error differs regarding the kind of ancestry that is measured: for instance, the panels with the larger numbers of AIMs have more difficulties to measure the European ancestry than the African one.
Even for those rate constants that have been measured, for instance the ligand-receptor binding constants, a wide-range of values have been reported in the literature depending upon the experimental system and technique used [ 22, 32, 34].
A higher PROMIS T-score implies more of the concept being measured; for instance, a higher PROMIS score on physical function indicates better functioning, whereas a higher score on depression indicates more severe depressive symptoms.
Furthermore, due to its retrospective design, some relevant baseline characteristics might not have been measured: for instance, for some of the older patients, baseline viral load was not available (before 1995); in fact, cumulative viral load is probably underestimated for all patients.
In the five instances where fitness was measured for both isogenic ΔflaA and ΔmotAB mutants, there were statistical differences between the non-motile strains in fitness only for the RM2387 and RM2992 backgrounds on broccoli with the ΔflaA mutants reduced in comparison with the ΔmotAB mutants by a factor of five.
But it can be measured indirectly, for instance by looking at how hot clouds of gas get as they are pulled towards the cluster's dark-matter core by its gravity.Alternatively, the distribution of matter, both dark and humdrum, can be gleaned from the effect it has on light.
