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It can be used to create fair maps of equal demographics, or it can be manipulated by either party.
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Two levels of testlet contamination were manipulated by either generating item clustering effect in the second testlet, or not generating item clustering effect in the second testlet.
Two levels of DIF contamination were manipulated by either using 3 additional DIF-present items (i.e., 30 % DIF contamination) throughout the test, or using no DIF-present items other than the studied items throughout the test.
One area, though, where the film was criticized was with regards to the lead heroine, Ariel, who was seen by some as not having a whole lot of agency of her own throughout the film (she is manipulated by either her father, King Triton, or the evil witch Ursula for much of the movie and her prince, Eric, has a more dynamic role in the film).
Bias was measured using two versions of the random-dots motion task in which bias was manipulated by either assigning a larger reward to one of two alternatives (potential payoff) or changing the prior likelihood of occurrence for two alternatives (prior probability; Mulder et al. 2012).
So it's easy to be manipulated by the press.
And the results can be manipulated by taking certain substances".
Harvin has to be manipulated by the scheme.
Instead of controlling its warlord proxies, Washington is discovering that it can be manipulated by them.
"He is an incredibly smart person, and he can't be manipulated by anyone or anything".
Because those races could not be manipulated by redistricting to ensure a particular outcome.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com