Alternatively, but less conveniently, the layers could be maintained in a humid atmosphere, or handled partially submerged in media.
Since careful handling is also critical to proper epidemiologic investigations, this standard of care should be maintained in all investigations.
The docile nature of the minipig, and the fact that a stable weight of 30 50 kg is maintained in adulthood makes handling the animal very easy.
All animals were maintained in a pathogen-free environment and handled in accordance with the guidelines set forth by NIH and animal subjects programs at the Burnham Institute for Medical Research or UCSD.
Male CD-1 nude mice (Charles River Canada, St-Constant, QC, Canada; 6 8-week old) from Charles River Canada were maintained in a pathogen-free environment and handled in accordance with guidelines from the Canadian Council on Animal Care (http://www.ccac.ca/en_/standards/guidelines).
HEK cells were maintained in DMEM with 10% FBS and handled as described above for the H4 cells.
Animals were maintained in the North-West Animal Facility of the University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, and handled in accordance with the Administrative Panel on Laboratory Animal Care at UC Berkeley.
Mice were maintained in the specific pathogen-free AAALAC-accredited animal facility at the Benaroya Research Institute or at the Institute for Systems Biology and handled in accordance with institutional guidelines.
Serosurveys of persons handling dromedary camels in this region could help to determine whether silent or unrecognized infections are being maintained in humans.
Cells were maintained in logarithmic phase by robotically diluting cultures every three doublings using a Packard Multiprobe II four-probe liquid-handling system (PerkinElmer, Wellesley, California, United States).
