Sentence examples for be maintained by mutations from inspiring English sources

Genetic variability in fitness may mainly be maintained by mutations, which usually have slightly deleterious effects [review in [ 10]].

The genetic diversity in the population is maintained by mutation.

Selection results from increased replication due to higher fitness, and coupling between haplotypes is maintained by mutation.

At this equilibrium, the trait variance is maintained by mutation, which increases variance, and by genetic drift and stabilizing selection, which decrease variance.

To address this issue, we assumed that 1) cancer is more likely to be maintained by a set of interrelated mutations that alter cellular processes at multiple points than by the effects of a single mutation, and 2) proliferative benefit conferred from an alteration can depend on already existing mutations or structural variations.

It implies that the length of sequence (coding regions) that can be maintained by selection is set by the mutation rate.

Human colorectal cancer is caused by mutations and is thought to be maintained by a population of cancer stem cells.

Finally, we argue that although genetic variation that has sex-dependent effects on disease risk could be maintained by mutation selection balance and genetic drift, recent evidence indicates that intra-locus sexual conflict could be a powerful influence on complex trait architecture, and maintain sex-dependent disease risk alleles in a population because they are beneficial to the opposite sex.

It shows that the adaptive process is dominated by few co-occurring beneficial mutations of large effect, whereas a stationary wave is maintained by many mutations of smaller effect.

The result suggests that codon usage bias is maintained by strand-specific mutation bias, which has also been found in vertebrate mitogenomes [2].

An alternative species concept is the stable ecotype in which cohesion of bacterial strains of a given species is maintained by accumulation of advantageous mutations and periodic purging of allelic variability [ 9].