"There are some physiological effects of warm weather — blood pressure tends to be lower, for example — but how that would cause headaches is uncertain".
In some cases, the values for emissions and energy demand would be higher, for example, in intensive production areas; in other cases, they would be lower, for example, in extensive production areas.
Assuming that the finding by Panoulas and colleagues was affected by the winners curse and the true HR would be lower, for example a HR of 1.5, then the power of the RA cohort and non-RA cohort to observe an association was 28% and 97.5%, respectively.
It is lower, for example, than the forecast of the Bank of England and Goldman Sachs.
In Section 5, I explore whether estimates for the standard deviation of family innovations are lower, for example, if age differences between siblings are greater.
In older individuals, the prevalence of myopia was lower, for example 15.9%95%95 % CI 13.7 18.1) in those aged 65 69 years old.
However, mostly ICCs are lower, for example, the median ICC calculated for more than 1000 primary care variables was 0.01 [ 45].
If dropout is lower, for example, 20% then this sample size allows for a larger intra-cluster correlation or a small detectable difference.
If the PSA threshold had been lower, for example, 2.1 3.9 ng ml−1, the proportion of PC in the biopsied men would probably be smaller, that is, the downside of the expected improvement in sensitivity would be a decreased specificity.
22 However, not all risk factors are lower, for example, Chinese do not have the expected lower glucose intolerance despite their lower BMI 23 and risk factor data from England show higher prevalence of diabetes and higher physical inactivity compared to the general population.
