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For E. coli fully adapted to arabinose minimal medium, for example, the knockout of gene fbaA is observed to be lethal, owing to the inability of the mutant strain to metabolize building blocks of the biomass, such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and l-lysine (see Fig. 1).
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This is also true for the knockout mice for these proteins that are embryonic lethal owing to liver apoptosis, which can be rescued by knockout of the TNFα receptor [ 39– 41].
Although thought to function in vascular development and stability, exactly how TIE-2 mutations cause VMCMs is unclear, partly because Tie-2 −/− mice are embryonic lethal owing to heart defects.
Dag1 null mice are early embryonic lethal owing to disruption of an extraembryonic basement membrane, the rodent-specific Reichert's membrane, which controls materno-embryonic exchange upon in utero fetal implantation (Williamson et al., 1997).
Chika can be lethal to older people with heart conditions.
These fumes can be lethal to birds.
Three of the substitutions were lethal to HIV-1 replication owing to a deleterious effect on particle assembly.
"But guns are designed to be lethal.
Yet life on Earth doesn't have to be lethal.
Scotland used to be lethal.
This vicious cycle could well turn out to be lethal.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com