Cytospots made of cultured cells or salivary gland tissues were labeled for visualization under Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CSLM) (Leica TCS SP2), using avidin-FITC (Sigma-Aldrich, St .Louis, CA; A2050) and nuclear staining with 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).
In this kind of assay, the analyte is sandwiched between the capture antibody (which has been sprayed at the test line of the nitrocellulose strip) and the detection antibody (which has been labeled for visualization).
Secondary antibodies were fluorescently labeled for visualization with an Odyssey infrared imaging system (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA).
PEG 5 -BP-USPIOs can also be labeled using a radiolabeled-BPEG 5 -BP-USPIOsion with single PEG 5 -BP-USPIOscanputed tomogralso (SPECT), and thus affording dual-modality contrast.
Within the 3D structure visualization the clustering nsSNPs can be labeled according to their cluster affiliation.
PLGA NPs were labelled with Rd6G for visualization in HepG2 cells with CLSM.
For miR-10b overexpression studies, cells were labeled with Calcein AM dye (Life Technologies) before seeding into transwell chambers for subsequent visualization.
For standard single-molecule dynein motility assays, dynein was labeled with TMR, and microtubules contained ∼10% biotin-tubulin for surface attachment and ∼10% Atto647-, HyLite488-, or fluorescein-tubulin (Cytoskeleton) for visualization.
In some of the experiments, fibroblast and endothelial cell populations were labeled with the fluorescent cytoplasmic dyes Cell Tracker Green and Cell Tracker Red for visualization purposes.
Dynein was labeled with TMR (Promega, Madison, WI), and microtubules contained ∼10% biotin-tubulin for surface attachment and ∼10% HyLite488-tubulin (Cytoskeleton Inc., Denver, CO) for visualization.
