Such concern was justified in theory, but it is hard to find Liverpudlians now who think such fears have been realised.
Diverse allocations of emissions allowances across Member States are justified in theory.
This and every other extravagant turn of events in the book can be justified in terms of the theory of "parallelism", dreamed up by the Viennese analyst our hero travels to Austria to consult (not Freud, though in a nod back to Boyd's Any Human Heart, the great man puts in an appearance, in order to disapprove of the theory).
Or someone might be justified in favoring Kantian moral theory over act-utilitarianism, because of counterexamples to act-utilitarianism, without being justified on that basis in favoring Kantian moral theory over rule-utilitarianism, if that alternative is not subject to the same counterexamples.
The Marxist theory would then be justified in the same way that any scientific hypothesis would be justified, that is, through confirmation by empirical evidence.
Explanationists hold that a realist attitude can be justified in connection with unobservables described by our best theories precisely when appealing to those unobservables is indispensible or otherwise important to explaining why these theories are successful.
Impartialist theories which allow for some first-order partiality, but which nevertheless insist that all such behavior be justified in second-order impartialist terms, might be referred to as fundamentally impartialist moral theories.
In theory, everything you do at that point, including the business strategies you follow, has to be justified in terms of the company's business.
To be justified in believing P on the basis of E one must not only be (1) justified in believing E, but also (2) justified in believing that E makes probable P. (See the entry on foundationalist theories of epistemic justification).
Thus, as Quine (1951) emphasized, one might be justified in rejecting an apparent observation that p (say, that what one just saw was a centaur) if it conflicts too sharply with one's background theories, even if one would be justified in taking the same apparent observation at face value in the absence of those theories.
