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Some of these genes could also be involved with pathogenicity but no direct reference can be indicated.
Phytoplasma genomics has also led to the identification of genes that could be involved with pathogenicity and virulence.
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S. typhimurium encodes two TTSSs on two independent pathogenicity islands (one is primarily involved with cell invasion while the second is involved with intracellular survival).
Using a combination of experiments, 69 surface-located proteins were identified, including proteins assumed to be involved in pathogenicity and several proteins with unknown function.
The other 30 (75%) code for determinants not known to be involved in pathogenicity, but including features compatible with an ancient mobile elements [ 10], such as a transposase gene (spy2013), two 11-bp direct repeats (starting at positions 1663812 and 1710243), and the vicinity of Lys-tRNA gene as a putative insertion/excision site.
To gain a functional annotation of the unique genes in FJ81278 and HN19311, with the assumption that some of them will be involved in pathogenicity or environment adaptation, the gene sets were annotated by predicting secreted proteins.
There is no apparent reason why this enzyme should be involved in pathogenicity.
vesicatoria has been shown to be involved in pathogenicity [ 46].
Of the 59 proteins, S12031 and S03654 may be involved in pathogenicity of dormant conidia.
Many of the TCS proteins investigated so far in P. syringae have been shown to be involved in plant pathogenicity and association with host plants.
Particularly, retrotransposons were shown be involved in the pathogenicity of C. albicans [ 66] and associated with the rapid evolution of effectors and the adaptation to new host in other pathogenic filamentous fungi [ 67] and Oomycetes [ 68].
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