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In any case, claims involving causes that are unmanipulable in the sense that we seem to lack any clear conception of what would be involved in manipulating them are one important sort of case in which a manipulability approach will diverge from many other standard theories of causation.
What is meant by an unmanipulable cause is not made very clear, but the examples discussed typically involve alleged causes (e.g., race, or membership in a particular species, or perhaps gender) for which we lack any clear conception of what would be involved in manipulating them or any basis for assessing what would happen under such a manipulation.
Although at this stage the precise role of such molecules in host-parasite interactions is not clear, they could be involved in manipulating the host's immune response.
Thus, lipid-binding activity of Mj-FAR-1 toward free fatty acids which, among others, are LOX substrates might be involved in manipulating the plant defense response mediated by fatty acid signaling.
Although, at this stage, the precise role of such molecules in the parasite-host interplay is unclear, they could be involved in manipulating or evading the host's immune response(s) or associated with the parasite's innate immune response.
Although at this stage the precise role of such molecules in the nematode-bacteria-insect host interplay is unclear, they could be involved in manipulating the host's immune response or associated with nematode's innate immune response.
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There was no suggestion that players from either team were involved in manipulating the match result.
There was no suggestion that players from either team were involved in manipulating the match.
But in Iraq the people on the inside tipped them off," referring to the Iraqis and American operatives who were involved in manipulating the election.
BP is also preparing to settle accusations that its energy trading unit was involved in manipulating prices in the propane market three years ago.
This week Southwark crown court will be showing Libor II – the story continues, with a second trial of City folk accused of being involved in manipulating the interbank rate.
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