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Namely, amino acids at positions 81 and 90 in GyrA and 482 in GyrB have been demonstrated to be involved in "intrinsic quinolone resistance" [13].
The caudate nucleus may also be involved in intrinsic analgesia systems [ 30, 31].
Since different mechanisms may be involved in intrinsic and acquired melphalan resistance, more work needs to be done using different cell models to determine the different functions of APE1 in intrinsic and acquired melphalan resistance.
Ras/Raf/ERK signaling pathway has been shown to be involved in intrinsic resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer while its role in developing resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy is controversial [ 4, 5].
Furthermore, using this approach we might be able to identify candidate genes and pathways, which could be involved in intrinsic chemoresistance and could prove to be useful in identifying targets for the treatment of drug-resistant carcinomas.
In our efforts to understand the molecular basis of treatment response in advanced cervical cancer, besides the BRCA pathway, we also found the fanconi anemia (FA) complementation group, FANCD2, FANCL, FANCM, FANCJ/BRIP1/BACH and FANCI, to be involved in intrinsic resistance to chemo-radiotherapy.
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In the current study, we focused on the second problem, the existence of species-specific bacterial intrinsic resistome, defined as the ensemble of chromosomal genes that are involved in intrinsic resistance and whose presence in strains of a bacterial species is independent of previous antibiotic exposure and is not due horizontal gene transfer (HGT).
CpABC4 may be directly or indirectly involved in the metabolic interactions between host and parasite in response to drug treatment and/or be involved in the intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy.
As the increase of AIF and cytochrome c levels are known to be involved in the intrinsic death pathway, their downstream caspase activities in mitochondrial pathway were evaluated along with caspase-8 extrinsic pathways.
Another strongly TRD regulated gene is PMAIP1 (syn. NOXA), a pro-apoptotic member of the BH3-only protein family, which is known to be involved in the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway [ 34].
GADD34), representing an important protein phosphatase involved in cell death pathways [ 32, 33] as well as PMAIP1 Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced
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