Coverage of the influenza genome may be the best proxy measure for influenza activity and the associated host response in deep sequencing analysis, as it is relatively independent of PCR duplication artifacts that can be introduced during sample preparation for deep sequencing [46].
Significant changes in the proteomic profile may also be introduced during sample preparation if no consistent methodology is used.
This allowed us to examine gene expression directly in the intact organ, thereby avoiding potential artifacts that may be introduced during sample preparation for histochemical examination.
Bias can be introduced during sample collection and transport, sample storage, cell lysis, nucleic acid extraction, PCR amplification, and other downstream applications [ 13, 16- 20].
Microscopy techniques typically measure the size in the dry state rather than the dispersed state, and different artifacts may be introduced during sample preparation.
In Figure 1b, too many adapter sequences were introduced during sample preparation, causing the sequencing of adapters instead of the sample.
As illustrated in Table 2, parallel detection of both homozygous and heterozygous genotypes, points to the efficiency of the tested workflow and indicates that little, if any allelic bias has been introduced during sample enrichment and sequencing processes.
Such components may be introduced during the sample preparation process (for example, as a consequence of derivatization), or may originate from the instrument condition (due to column bleed, for example).
The data processing includes a normalization method to reduce the obscuring variation between microarrays, which might be introduced during the processes of sample preparation, manufacturing, fluorescence labeling, hybridization, and/or scanning.
The data processing also includes a normalization procedure utilizing a quantile normalization method (Bolstad et al. 2003) to reduce the obscuring variation between microarrays, which might be introduced during the processes of sample preparation, manufacture, fluorescence labeling, hybridization, and/or scanning.
In the second step of the pipeline, the 3' adapter that is introduced during the sample preparation is removed from each sequence by regular expression matching, optionally allowing for one mismatch.
