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Caffeine's ergogenic effects may be independent of changes in RPE or leg pain in active women performing a simulated time trial.
Water use on a leaf area basis appeared to be independent of changes in water availability but transpiration efficiency in terms of grams of carbon fixed per litre of water transpired increased with increasing water availability.
Despite the strong expression of FFAR1 in the pancreas, these differences appeared to be independent of changes in insulin and beta cell function.
The spatial patterns of expansion observed in our study should thus be independent of changes in global primary productivity, as evident by the similarities in the expansion patterns observed using three exploitation thresholds.
The data suggest that MsmR may have a slight activating effect on cpa transcription in the rofA-harboring construct, and this effect appears to be independent of changes in rofA expression levels.
The mechanism underlying slippage in our system seems to be independent of changes in the expression of Mad1, Mad2, BubR1, Cdc20, Securin and Bub3, although Bub3 mRNA levels were affected upon inhibition of transcription but no significant change was observed at the protein level.
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"Exhibition data are particularly useful for studying the effects of patent laws on innovation because they measure economically useful innovation in a way that is independent of changes in patent laws," Professor Moser said.
These improvements in metabolic control were independent of changes in food intake and insulin sensitivity.
This improvement was independent of changes in basic neurocognitive functioning or symptoms.
Further analyses demonstrated that the relationship between changes in pain-related anxiety and treatment outcome were independent of changes in physical capacity performance.
This effect on commutes depends on the distance: it seems that for trips of 2 h or more, the effects are independent of changes in rail service.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com