Other noteworthy proteins include NOV and L-xylulose reductase, both of which are decreased in prostatitis, but which previous investigations have found to be increased in prostate cancer [ 47, 48].
For example, serum concentration of fucosylated haptoglobin has been shown to be increased in prostate, colon, breast, ovarian, and liver cancers[ 70, 80- 83].
In addition, SMCX levels were found to be increased in prostate and seminoma cancers and to be absent in renal carcinomas [ 24, 25].
On the other hand, myo-inositol levels were also found to be increased in prostate cancer, colon adenocarcinoma, and ovarian carcinoma [ 41, 42].
Similarly, p21Cip1 has been shown to be increased in prostate cancer and holds potential merit as a prognostic indicator (Matsushima et al, 1998; Sarkar et al, 1999; Omar et al, 2001; Rigaud et al, 2004).
PC-3 cells were used to create models for prostate cancer expressing VEGF or FGF8b, which both are known to be angiogenic and to be increased in prostate cancer.
In contrast, the expression of EIF3S3 is increased in prostate cancer.
Expression of miR-32 and miR-182 is increased in prostate cancer in patients from TCGA.
HIF-1α expression is increased in prostate cancer cells by the addition of serum [ 2, 10].
However, subsequent studies demonstrated that MCP-1 expression is increased in prostate cancer [ 34].
These results demonstrate that Bag5 expression is increased in prostate cancer both at the RNA and protein level.
