Levi (1985) responds that his theory and Jeffrey's are importantly distinct, and Jeffrey (1987) recants.
(An analogous issue arises in the case of Occam's Razor. 'Entities are not to be multiplied beyond necessity.' But necessity for what, exactly?) Forster [2001] distinguishes two potential goals of model selection, namely probable truth and predictive accuracy, and claims that these are importantly distinct (Forster 2001, p. 95).
Self-consciousness refers to a subject's awareness of itself, but is also a notoriously ambiguous term — there are importantly distinct senses in which a subject can be self-aware (see for example the SEP article on Phenomenological Approaches to Self-Consciousness).
(Despite the ease with which we slide between these different ways of speaking, they are importantly distinct: Contrast the state of having hot water in one's water heater the state of being "hot-water ready", say with the stuff actually contained in the heater, that particular mass of water, or water in general).
A number of philosophers have argued that our cognitive representations have, or can have, a map-like rather than a linguistic structure (Lewis 1994; Braddon-Mitchell and Jackson 1996, Camp 2007; Rescorla 2009; though see Blumson 2012 and Johnson forthcoming for concerns about whether map-like and language-like structures are importantly distinct).
On the other hand, if FDS is not identical to EAS — if, instead, she is a different person, or is at least a different self — then it may not be so obvious what the conflict is after all, for FDS has made her preferences clear, and if she is importantly distinct from the signer of the advance directive, then there seems little reason why the interests of EAS are relevant at all to FDS's life.
Well, there are importantly different questions to be distinguished here, corresponding to two importantly distinct GPOs that are leveled or at least hinted at in the Ur-paragraph.
And the idea of legitimate authority as an authority that has a right to rule over subjects who owe obedience to the authority and that has a right not to be interfered with by foreigners is surely an importantly distinct and perhaps ideal type of authority, which is rarely implemented.
It is, importantly, her choice.
These are importantly different questions.
