Rho-protein-dependent cell signaling is important for malignant transformations [ 25].
These results support our immunohistochemical study and imply that NGF-TrkA pathway is important for malignant potential of OESCC.
Similarly, in this study, low levels of both vinculin and filamin were detected in vaginal and cervical carcinoma, indicating that these proteins are important for malignant transformation.
An emerging mode of comparison is through new genomic technologies, which, with careful exploitation, may also point to genetic events that are important for malignant human tumor evolution.
Rac1 is over-expressed in various tumors and accumulating evidence indicate that Rac1-dependent cell signalling is important for malignant transformation [ 106].
HSP90α is important for malignant progression in breast cancer, but when elevated in untransformed mammary epithelial cells may participate in a switch between survival and apoptosis.
Rac1 is over-expressed in various tumours, accumulating evidence indicates that Rac1-dependent cell signaling is important for malignant transformation [ 4], and overexpression of Rac1 correlates with breast cancer progression.
This suggests that inhibition of canonical Wnt signalling may be important for progression of malignant melanomas and that the increased expression of Wnt-5a in high-grade tumours may serve to inhibit activation of the canonical signalling pathway and augment cancer growth.
Although the molecular mechanisms that define the Warburg effect are not yet fully understood, the increased glycolysis observed in cancer cells is well accepted to be important for the support of malignant phenotypes (Box 1).
