miR-221 has been shown to be highly upregulated in pancreatic cancers [12], in glioblastoma [31] and was implicated in thyroid cancer [32].
Duoxes are implicated in thyroid hormone biosynthesis [ 43] and innate immunity in lung [ 72], and are distributed in a variety of other tissues where they perform unknown functions.
Long-term exposure to perchlorate has been implicated in thyroid hormone deficiency, a known cause of impaired neuropsychological fetal and infant development (Porterfield 1994; Howdeshell 2002).
In addition, antiestrogenic congeners, such as PCB-105, have been implicated in thyroid-mediated effects due to high affinity for thyroid hormone binding proteins, leading to disruptions in thyroid hormone signaling (Crofton et al. 2005), which may also disrupt growth and development (Sahu et al. 2009).
For example a tissue-specific modulation of deiodinases at pituitary level might be implicated in the effect of leptin on thyroid function.
Thus, the induction and upregulation of NrCAM expression could be implicated in the pathogenesis and behaviour of papillary thyroid cancers.
On the basis of these data, ALCAM overexpression in neoplastic thyroid tissues, analogously to other tumor types, could be implicated in tumor invasiveness and dedifferentiation processes.
It may also be implicated in red blood cell destruction (haemolysis), damage to liver (hepatic), heart (myocardial), endocrine glands (adrenal, gonads, and thyroid), or kidneys (renal), and general damage to cells.
