This clustering into biologic pathways is highly nonrandom (as has been demonstrated by Raychaudhuri and Daly).
Contrary to the view that the organization of the genetic code is a "frozen accident" of evolution, recent studies have demonstrated that it is highly nonrandom, with implications for both codon assignment and usage.
The distribution of divergent regions between H. cydno and H. pachinus was highly nonrandom (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.01; Figure S3), with eight of them mapping to the locations of known mimicry genes (Baxter et al., 2010; Chamberlain et al., 2011; Kronforst et al., 2006a, 2006c; Martin et al., 2012; Reed et al., 2011).
Patterns of local extinction documented here were by no means chance events, and the nestedness of the overall species-by-site matrix was highly nonrandom in terms of the sets of species extirpated from the most to the least species-rich forest patches.
However the high level of concordance shows that these responses were highly nonrandom.
After calling variants with GATK, we immediately observed that the distribution of heterozygous genotype calls was highly nonrandom across the genome of each line.
In addition, these SNPs were organized in the form of a connected network structure that was highly significant and nonrandom compared to the null distribution of networks generated using permutation tests.
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These properties are indicative of a dependency on nonrandom co-segregation, which is highly associated with H2A.Z asymmetry and suppressed by the guanine ribonucleotide precursor Xn.
LCRs are nonrandom regions of protein sequences that are highly biased for a particular amino acid residue (Wootton and Federhen 1993).
