Hypertonicity can be harmful for cells, as it can induce double-strand DNA breaks, interfere with DNA repair, exacerbate the effect of genotoxic agents such as UV and ionizing radiation, inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis (reviewed in [2]).
This may lead to the creation of small fragments which could be harmful for cells.
Both lactate and ammonia were metabolic wastes, which was harmful for cell culture.
It is noticeable that those essential genes in the co-target sets have fundamental roles in cell and inhibition of each of them is harmful for cell survival.
The persistence inflammation, induced by cytokines, is harmful for cells [ 27] and the affected organ.
By discarding the upper phase, we can easily obtain ~10 fold denser cell culture without using pumps or centrifuges, which is harmful for cells.
This indicates that there has to be something more, e.g. that compression makes cells more sensitive for ischaemia-induced damage, or that compression in itself is harmful for cells.
As persistence or over-prolongation of inflammation is harmful for cells [ 45], the activation of the IL-10 signaling might be a beneficial mechanism adopted by the cells during this stage of mastitis infection to limit and terminate the inflammatory response.
In vivo expression of such enzymes might be harmful for the cell.
As in previous cases, there is a high accumulation of metabolites, which could be harmful for the cell.
