Transgenic PUAS-PiGo and Pteto-PTX flies were generated through direct embryo injection by Rainbow Transgenetic Flies, Inc. (Newbury Park, CA).
Positive externalities can be generated through a direct physical effect of the number of purchasers on the quality of the product, or the indirect effects from complementary products and post-purchase service.
This empirical evidence could be generated through qualitative analysis of a direct think aloud approach or probing questions immediately following standard completion of the instrument[ 69].
ROS can be generated through several pathways such as direct interactions between redox-active metals and oxygen species via reactions including the Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions, or by indirect pathways involving the activation of enzymes such as nitric oxide synthase (NOS) or NADPH oxidases.
If the aluminum is made in Canada, then the electricity involved in the process can be generated through hydropower, knocking out those greenhouse gas emissions as well as the direct emissions from the smelting process.
Moreover, additional (artificial) diversity can be generated through different strain improvement techniques like mutagenesis, sexual hybridization, protoplast fusion, and directed evolution.
In most models, it is not possible to rapidly induce and terminate hypoxia and, in those in which hypoxia is generated through the direct addition of hypoxia-inducing agents to the cell culture medium, unwanted side effects can impair the transferability of the results to the in vivo situation.
A series of ABACUS sensors with differing affinities for ABA was generated through site directed mutagenesis of residues critical for ABA binding.
In summary, our results show that a 1.5-fold increase in DYRK1A protein levels disturbs the number of neocortical neurons that are generated through development by direct and indirect neurogenesis.
