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These results strongly suggest that stable rat iPS cell lines can be generated from rat NPs and REFs by retroviral transduction of 5 (OSKMN) and 4 (OSKM) factors, as well as 3 (OSK) factors without c-Myc.
Rat iNS cells could not be generated from rat fibroblasts in the absence of LIF and CHIR99021, further supporting the notion that culture environments could dictate the fate of reprogrammed cells [29].
Furthermore, using the same set of cytokines and small molecules, we show that induced NS (iNS) cells can be generated from rat fibroblasts by forced expression of the transcriptional factors Oct4, Sox2 and c-Myc.
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Similarly, by changing the microenvironment (applying ESC conditional medium and epigenetic modifying molecules), iPS cells were generated from rat progenitors [48].
α-23 cells were generated from rat pituitary GH3 cells permanently-transfected with human TSHα promoter spanning −846 to +1 kindly provided by Dr. Larry Jameson (Northwestern University) [19], [23].
Since the SSE sequence does not contain previously identified transcription factor-binding sites, we screened a cDNA fusion library, which was generated from rat Schwann cells, by using the SSE sequence as a probe in yeast one-hybrid screening.
Primary neurospheres were generated from rat pup SVZs and dissociated with accutase to yield single cells.
MSC spheroids were generated from rat MSCs (rMSCs) using low-binding plates.
A functional bioartificial cardiac tissue was generated from rat cardiomyocytes in the bioreactor, where cyclic stretch induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and moderate increase in systolic force.
Standard curves for GluRs and IL-6 were generated from rat brain and spleen cDNAs, respectively, to confirm linearity (R≥0.95) and efficiency (90%1100%) for relative quantification.
Primary cultures of BCECs, pericytes and astrocytes were generated from rat brains and used in three different in vitro BBB experimental arrangements, which were characterised based on a their expression of tight junction proteins and other BBB specific proteins, high trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), and low passive permeability to radiolabeled mannitol.
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