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The hydroxyl radical can be generated by direct photolysis of oxidants as O3 and H2O2, with UV irradiation, Fenton, and photo-Fenton process or by photocatalytic process using semiconductors (Reza et al. 2015).
Thus, pro- inflammatory immune responses will be generated by direct contact of chlamydial TLR- ligands with its specific receptors [19], [32] and MHC class I-restricted lysis of infected cells by CD8 CTL will occur to prevent systemic dissemination of the pathogen [33].
A recent report showed that induced NSCs (iNSCs) from mouse and human fibroblasts can be generated by direct reprogramming with a single factor, Sox2.
These MDMO-PPV hole polarons can either be generated by direct transfer of the electron or by FRET from the excited MDMO-PPV to an adjacent CdSe-NC, followed by hole back-transfer.
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First generation MHC microarrays were generated by direct spotting of the pMHC of interest onto the microarray slide.
Induced pluripotent stem cells are generated by direct reprogramming of adult liver and stomach cells.
Recently, iPSCs have been generated by direct delivery of recombinant proteins, RNAs, or microRNAs[57 59].
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated by direct reprogramming of somatic cells and hold great promise for novel therapies.
These data suggest that iPS cells are generated by direct reprogramming of lineage-committed somatic cells and that retroviral integration into specific sites is not required.
Single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) with different morphologies were generated by direct current arc-discharge between pure graphite rods in different atmospheres, including air, CO2 and CO.
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be created by direct
be stimulated by direct
be incorporated by direct
be demonstrated by direct
be shown by direct
be delivered by direct
be accepted by direct
be generated by other
be proved by direct
be minimized by direct
be prepared by direct
be dissolved by direct
be detected by direct
be replaced by direct
be generated by different
be generated by renewable
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