They are generated by actions of genes encoded by CYP1A1, CYP1A2 (which catalyze 2-hydroxylation of estrogens), and CYP1B1, which are having 4-hydroxylase activity.
APN released from epithelial cells appears to be generated by the action of a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) cleavage of the GPI anchor based upon detection of a cross-reacting determinant (CRD) on the protein shed into the luminal fluid.
Also, the reducing equivalents necessary for N2 fixation are mainly obtained by the nitrogenase via reduced ferredoxin, which can be generated by the action of PFOR [ 29].
Smaller particles can be generated by the action of CETP, which transfers cholesterol esters from HDLs to apoB-containing lipoproteins (LDLs and VLDLs) [ 18].
The additional copy, like SMU.925 in S. mutans UA159, might be generated by duplication action and evolved as the dominant immunity factor in some of the mutans streptococci strains.
Regardless of our model's correctness, the finding that auditory cortex gamma oscillations are an inhibitory process in tinnitus is an important one; cortical gamma oscillations are known to be generated by the action of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons (Candin et al., 2009) and to be influenced in vivo by local concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (Muthukumaraswamy et al., 2009).
Although we found AtPPC3 cleavage products that might be generated by miR5640 action over this transcript, we need further experiments to validate AtPPC3 as a miR5640 target (i.e. to analyze AtPPC3 levels in a miR5640 overexpressor plant), and to validate the role of this miRNA/ TARGET module in nitrate assimilation in roots.
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Color complex could be generated by the adsorption action between iodine and starch molecule.
LV pathological hypertrophy induced by AAS appears to be generated by a direct action on cardiac androgen receptors, whose effects are directly proportional to the doses, time, and duration of drug administration [ 4].
