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We reasoned that if Ifng- and Th1- associated genes induced by RWE challenge provide protection against allergic inflammation, they are likely to be further upregulated by prior administration of Il12 or CpG DNA.
In contrast, highGM/4-DC showed a maximal T cell stimulation capacity of 40,000 cpm already by immature DC and could be further upregulated after maturation (Fig. 2B).
For certain specialised studies, BBB features can be further upregulated by exposure to astrocytes or astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM).
We found that this sphingomyelinase-related protein is abundantly expressed on macrophages and DCs and can be further upregulated by inflammatory stimuli.
As also isolated resident tissue macrophages constitutively express COX-2 gene treatment with LPS aimed to show that COX-2 gene expression can be further upregulated.
Although S100A7/psoriasin is constitutively expressed at low levels, its expression can be further upregulated in keratinocytes upon challenging with proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 or TNF-α [ 14].
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In all studies, these genes were further upregulated at day 7. Upregulation of osteogenic factors seemed regulated by implant surface.
The underlying mechanism could be that expression of pluripotent genes activated after injury is further upregulated by drug cocktails.
Results indicate an increased expression of AVP mRNA as well as peptide in the hypothalamus of WD2 mice and the expression was further upregulated after 4 days of water deprivation but the expression of CRH remained unchanged compare to their respective controls.
As such, IL-1R1 continued to be expressed at higher levels on Tregs during in vitro expansion and was further upregulated upon reactivation (Fig. 4A).
Western analysis confirmed that IQGAP1 is abundantly expressed in BMCs, which is further upregulated by contra lateral hindlimb ischemia (Figure 6A).
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