Despite the significant progress in the nano-characterization of these DNA motors, the mechanism by which RuvB rotates and translocates dsDNA is still unclear, and the proposed mechanochemical-coupling mechanism is to be further tested at the nano-level.
When IκB proteins are phosphorylated and degraded, NF-κB is subsequently released and further translocated into the nucleus, where the gene transcription is initiated (14).
Enhanced levels of bim were further shown to translocate from the cytoplasm to mitochondria, which played a crucial role in the activation of caspase 9 and PARP resulting from selenite treatment.
This indicates that NSPs either were in epithelial cells or had further translocated to the interstitium [Supplemental Material available online (http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/2005/7339/supplemental.pdf)].
We confirmed at the single cell level, by confocal microscopy, that NK cells were able to produce HMGB1, detected in the nucleus of freshly isolated NK cells (Fig. 2b), and further translocated to the cytoplasm in aNK cells (Fig. 2c).
SRS aerosols were visible for hours and spread to the first floor containing the supermarket through open spaces, comprising approximately 10% of the floor separation, and further translocated to the office area at the same floor.
As the 'revived viper', PKCγ translocates to the membrane and is further activated by stimulation from secondary messengers, but first, in order to perform its cellular function, PKCγ must disassociate from the Hsp90α chaperone machinery.
OPDA is translocated from chloroplasts to peroxisomes, where it is further converted into -7-iso-JA by OPR and 3 beta oxidation steps.
STAT1 now activated, oligomerises, is further phosphorylated by PRKCD [ 30] and translocates to the nucleus where it directly activates gene expression by binding to STAT sites present in the promoters of numerous genes.
