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These silver nanoclusters and the Si areas surrounding these silver nuclei could act as local cathodes and anodes, respectively, in the electrochemical redox reaction process, which can be formulated as two half-cell reactions: mathrm{A}{mathrm{g}}^ + {mathrm{e}}^to mathrm{A}mathrm{g} mathrm{S}mathrm{i} + 6{mathrm{F}}^to mathrm{S}mathrm{i}{{mathrm{F}}_6}^{2-} + 4{mathrm{e}}^.
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These can be formulated as three basic hypotheses, representing disinhibition, susceptibility, and reciprocal effects respectively, each of which can be applied in both the shorter and longer term.
But Valla rejects such a rebuttal (antistrephon or conversio) of the dilemma and thinks that a response may be formulated as long as one concentrates on the relevant aspects of the case.
This attention function mechanism is formulated as two cases: (5).
The relay selection and parameter optimization have been formulated as two Stackelberg games.
It is formulated as two optimization problems under the l1 norm and the Frobenius norm, and two iterative algorithms are designed for solving them respectively.
The form-finding of tensegrities is formulated as two unconstrained minimisation problems where their objective functions are defined based on eigenvalues of a modified force density matrix.
These adjustable products are modeled within the context of the European electricity day-ahead market problem, which is formulated as two different mathematical programming models: a Mixed Complementarity Problem (MCP) and a Linear Programming model (LP).
The HHCC and the PLPC problems are formulated as two noncooperative differential game models, by taking into account the utility function maximization and linear differential equation constraint with regard to the aggregate power interference to PUs and congestion bid for bottleneck SU.
By introducing a generalized fault detection filter (FDF) with four parameter matrices as the residual generator, a novel FDF design scheme is formulated as two bi-objective optimization problems such that the sensitivity of residual to fault is enhanced and the robustness of residual to unknown input is simultaneously strengthened.
By using the distance function, tool path optimizations for semi-finish and finish millings are formulated as two constrained optimization problems in a unified framework, and a sequential approximation algorithm along with a hierarchical algorithmic structure is developed for the optimization.
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