A formal concept of K is defined as a pair (A, B) with A ⊆ G, B ⊆ M, A' = B and B' = A. A Formal concept hierarchy can be formalized as follows: (A1, B1) ≤ (A2, B2) ⇔ A1 ⊆ A2 and B2 ⊆ B1.
The similarity measure can be formalized as follows [13]: (1).
The points above can be formalized as follows [16].
The evaluation approach in the dynamic setting could be formalized as follows.
The iMTSP model can be formalized as follows: Set the objective function f 1 as: f_{1}(Z)=minleft(sum_{k=1}^{N} z_{k}right) (4).
Hence, the watermark signal Δ U z) can be formalized as follows: Delta U z)=Zleft{Delta u_{t}^{(s t,T))}right} (10).
These heuristic concepts can be formalized as follows: Let us consider (1le p
Importing Davidsonian event semantics into situation semantics, the proposition expressed by 59(a), for example, might be formalized as follows: The formula in (60) incorporates the usual notation for Davidsonian event predication.
The LP problem can be formalized as follows [ 18]: max v gro s. t.
The LP problem can be formalized as follows [ 17]: max min v i s. t.
The bin- or site-specific approach to DNA methylation comparisons across region types can be formalized as follows (Fig. 1): The methylation states on each side of a functional boundary are represented by matrices.
