The "successful" paralogs may have been fixed and maintained, whereas "unsuccessful" paralogs became pseudogenes in the population [ 42].
This observation demonstrates that after rearrangements occurred within the plastid genome, these changes were fixed and maintained within cultivars by vegetative propagation.
Otherwise, it is inconceivable that such a mutation would have been fixed and then maintained in land plant organelle genomes over a course of evolution of more than four hundred million years.
Conditions of acceptance, scales of payment, and timetables were laid down; the route was fixed, and hostels were maintained along the route.
Wesson, however, said residents in both districts have the same demands of City Hall: trees that are trimmed, roads that are fixed and parks that are properly maintained.
Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations of individual SL and tetracycline: in the first step, A600, that is, absorbance of bacterial suspension giving isolated colonies, was fixed and the same A600 was maintained throughout the experiment.
Tumors were removed, fixed and maintained in paraffin blocks.
Although epigenetic modifications previously were thought to be fixed during development and maintained over the lifetime, more recent research provides evidence that epigenetic mechanisms allow rapid adaptations to a changing environment and are responsive to signaling cascades [ 50, 51].
Damage to DNA bases may affect their base-pairing properties and, therefore, needs to be fixed to maintain the template function of the DNA (Kunz et al. 2009a).
All that should be fixed, the authors maintain.
