The quiescent cells may be fated to become germ cells by maternally inherited determinants before, or immediately following, fertilization ("preformation" or "primordial germ cells"), as in amphibians, for example [ 35].
It is at first sight surprising that cells with a phenotype consistent with PrE can be fated to intra-embryonic cells (PS/ME/DE) and hepatocyte-like cells.
To further demonstrate that at least some of the rMAPC can be fated to intra-embryonic endodermal cells, we stained rMAPC-1 progeny on d6 for Sox7 and Mixl1 (Figure 5B), as a Sox7−/Mixl1+ phenotype is compatible with a PS/ME/DE phenotype.
On the other hand PS exposed could mean that cancer cells should be fated to die but are clever enough to avoid the last step of being killed.
How rMAPC exactly can commit to cells expressing PS/ME/DE transcripts, why some rMAPC differentiate to VE and others apparently to PS/DE and finally, whether PrE cells derived from rat blastocysts, like XEN-P cells [41] can be fated to PS/ME/DE and hepatic endoderm using this protocol, will require further evaluation.
Is used for progenitor cells that are fated to differentiate into a specific cell type.
In contrast, asymmetric divisions generate unequal daughter cells: one stem cell and one cell that is fated to differentiate.
Since the vast majority of SVZ proliferating cells are fated to generate neurons of the olfactory bulbs [35], we extended our observations by performing a long term fate mapping experiments of SVZ recombined cells.
In contrast, in Keller explants, specifically in the spindle-shaped chordamesodermal cells that are fated to undergo convergent extension, the EB3-GFP moved toward both tips of the cells (Fig. 1b, b', Movie S2).
In fact, a cleaved PARP by caspase-3 during apoptosis is an irreversible event, where at this stage a cell is fated to undergo apoptosis and is no longer able to respond to any DNA damage reparation [ 14, 15], this is widely recognized as a hallmark for cellular apoptosis [ 47].
