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We based our assumption that women would be faster than men in ice swimming on previous reports that female open-water ultra-distance swimmers have more body fat than male swimmers [ 24].
This study investigated the performance and the sex difference in performance for women and men completing an official 'Ice Mile' and '1 km Ice event' with the hypothesis that women would be faster than men in 'Ice Mile' and '1 km Ice event'.
This study examined female and male performances in swimming 1 mile ('Ice Mile') and 1 km ('1 km Ice event') in water of 5 °C or colder between 2009 and 2015 with the hypothesis that women would be faster than men.
Based upon the fact that Lynne Cox was the first person to swim in icy water [ 20] before the first man [ 21] and the recent findings that women were able to beat men in open-water swimming in low water temperatures (<20 °C) [ 13, 14], we hypothesized that women would be faster than men in both 'Ice Mile' and '1 km Ice event'.
Based upon previous findings where women were faster than men in the 'Manhattan Island Marathon Swim' [ 13] and the 'Catalina Channel Swim' [ 14] where athletes competed at water temperatures < 20 °C we hypothesized that women would be faster than men in swimming in ice cold water.
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Vonn, who has 26 career downhill victories — second only to the 36 of Annemarie Moser-Pröll of Austria — has, at times, been faster than men in training.
On the other hand, when participants were asked to use the same procedure to pick out a happy, sad, surprised or disgusted face, women were faster than men.
This study investigated the changes in sex differences in ultra-swimming performance across years with increasing race distance from 5 km to 25 km and it was hypothesized that men would be faster than women from 5 km to 25 km and the sex difference in performance would be lowest in the longest race distances.
Based upon existing findings for recreational swimmers, we hypothesized for elite swimmers (i) that men would be faster than women from 5 km to 25 km, and (ii) the sex differences in performance would decrease with increasing race distance.
We hypothesized that (i) performance in breaststroke swimmers would improve over time, (ii) national athletes would compete slower that international athletes and (iii) men would be faster than women for all distances with a constant sex difference in swimming performance.
"A very lean, well-trained woman will be faster than a less lean, less fit man," he said.
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