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Therefore, our microbiota may be exposed to selective pressure and may develop resistance to current drugs [ 3].
That is, just individual alleles in conserved non-coding regions may be exposed to selective pressure; therefore, they may more often accept recombination between them.
In addition, the solid residues left after pretreatment can be exposed to selective hydrolytic enzyme(s), yielding considerable amounts of protein, glucose, xylose, arabinose, and other compounds from cellulose and hemicellulose, as well as hydrolyzed proteins, into the liquid stream.
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Duplicated class I B genes, as well as other genes in the Mhc region, are exposed to selective pressures – mostly balancing selection – due to their role in antigen presentation, resulting in transpecific lineage sharing [ 28- 30].
The Neurospora populations were exposed to selective, divergent environments only during the asexual phase.
Then, more efforts were made on the detection of whether HGT genes are exposed to selective pressure after the shrimps diverged from their ancestor.
The capsid protein of PCV2 was chosen because it is exposed to selective immune pressures and represents a potential candidate region involved in the emergence of PCV2 variants.
The natural phenomenon of spontaneous mutation, which occurs in the absence of drug selection, results in the accumulation of approximately six to eight TK-deficient variants per 10 plaque-forming viruses in virus populations that have never been exposed to selective pressure [ 6, 10, 12].
Since the CIR A sub-family contained the most divergent CIRs, these proteins may be exposed to stronger selective pressure, and it is possible that their diverse nature enables immune evasion in vivo.
In small fragmented populations, the effectiveness of selection can be reduced and, because rare species often have a narrow ecological niche, their populations may be exposed to homogeneous selective forces that result in low population differentiation in quantitative traits (Petit et al., 2001; Ye et al., 2013).
In relationships where one species is more specialized than the other (i.e. plant more specialized than pollinator), the pollinator may frequently be exposed to more variable selective pressures than the plant (i.e. a more morphologically variable food source).
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