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Such information should be explicitly stated, and represented within b as well.
According to EFSA, LoCs can be derived from literature data, baseline data, modelling, existing knowledge, or policy goals and shall be explicitly stated and justified by the applicant [3].
If this is done, the criterion and justification for doing so should be explicitly stated and the pre- and post- adjustment alignments should be included in supplementary materials.
If information for a recommended item is not yet available when the protocol is being finalised (eg, funding sources), this should be explicitly stated and the protocol updated as new information is obtained.
The resolution agreed upon was that risk factors had to be explicitly stated and linked to the disease (e.g., sun exposure increases the chances of getting skin cancer); vague indications of risk without mention of the disease were excluded (e.g., sun exposure is dangerous).
The concept of this curricular war is illustrated in Figure 4. We believe that a national examination will minimize this hidden curriculum because the national planned curriculum will be explicitly stated and the assessed curriculum will be similarly explicitly stated ensuring that most of the planned curriculum is assessed.
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Second, the sign ambiguity of PCs in PCA has been explicitly stated and resolved.
We scored each PICOT element with a 1 if it was explicitly stated and 0 if it was absent.
Additional reviewers may have further validated this process however the criteria within COSMIN are explicitly stated and differences were quickly resolved.
Newspaper articles were analysed for manifest content, 26 that is, what is explicitly stated and draws on the objective and replicable qualities of quantitative methods.
Manifest content refers to what is explicitly stated and thus draws on the objective and replicable qualities of quantitative methods[ 30].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com