This measure was included as a control measure to examine whether any differences in perspective-taking could partly be explained by differences in verbal ability.
The trend towards higher agreement with increasing age is consistent with the results of the PedsQL™ 4.0 school population study [ 3] and can be explained by the greater verbal communication skills typically manifested with increasing developmental age.
This profile has led to direct comparisons with children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), who show deficiencies in language development that cannot be explained by low non-verbal cognitive ability, abnormalities in sensory abilities or other neurological or psychiatric conditions (Bol and Kuiken, 1990; Eadie et al., 2002; Laws and Bishop, 2003).
This might be explained by the use of verbal time estimates.
While the superiority of musically trained children in nonverbal reasoning could potentially be explained by pre-existing differences in verbal ability, the reverse was not true: musically trained children are superior in verbal ability to those without training, even after controlling for their superiority in nonverbal reasoning.
However, to determine whether findings could be explained by pre-existing differences in either verbal or non-verbal IQ, we repeated the above analyses, once adding Vocabulary as a covariate, and once adding Raven's Progressive Matrices as a covariate (and covarying age both times, as in the previous analyses).
This could be explained by the observation that most paradigms allow for the verbal encoding of visual material.
The relatively high incidence of verbal abuse observed may also be explained by the fact that 90% of Justice Health employees are females [ 35].
Finally, a relatively large number of verbal processes in question-answers might be explained by the fact that students report some of the character dialogues from the book they read: (8) Don Quijote enojado, dice que las comparaciones no son buenas.
In contrast, the ranges in means for triceps skinfold thickness and verbal IQ were too wide to be explained by true geographic differences.
