We cannot tell whether the skill differences that we find within broad education levels can be explained by selection effects or skill acquisition effects.
The estimates for whites also suggest that the apparent negative effect of immigration on the wages of native blacks cannot be explained by selection into low-wage areas: the coefficients on the black immigrant share variables are all positive, consistent with a either positive cross-race effects of immigration or selection into high-wage areas, but not selection into low-wage areas.
However, these latter differences may at least partially be explained by selection bias.
In part, these discrepancies can be explained by selection of genes.
Hence, the distribution of SINEs cannot be explained by selection against transcriptional interference.
The higher cell size of bakery strains could also be explained by selection.
Therefore, the R-dependent increase can be explained by selection, that is growth advantage of the transposition products in the R+ cultures.
The cases of recent transfer into the gene (Class A breakpoints) cannot be explained by selection: the abrupt change in BPP support for alternative topologies in the breakpoint region indicates a recent event, leaving insufficient time for substitutions to accumulate.
Whilst there is some indirect evidence for resource partitioning in aquatic systems, where the impact of consumer diversity exceeds that which can be explained by selection effects alone (e.g. [15], [16]), facilitative interactions may be more important in returning positive effects of species diversity (e.g. organic matter decomposition in fungal communities [17]).
This finding might be explained by selection bias.
This can be explained by selection to reduce recombination load.
